Epidemiological aspects of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries A population-based study in Norway
نویسندگان
چکیده
......................................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................................. 9 CONTENTS........................................................................................................................................ 10 1. ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... 13 2. DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................... 15 3. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ..................................................................................................... 16 3.2 THE PERINEUM ...................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 CENTRUM TENDINEUM PERINEI .............................................................................................. 18 3.4 THE ANAL CANAL ................................................................................................................... 20 3.5 THE ANAL SPHINCTER COMPLEX ............................................................................................ 20 3.6 ANAL INCONTINENCE ............................................................................................................. 21 3.7 OBSTETRIC ANAL INCONTINENCE ........................................................................................... 22 3.8 CLASSIFICATION OF OBSTETRIC PERINEAL INJURIES ............................................................... 25 3.9 OCCURRENCE OF OASIS ....................................................................................................... 25 3.10 RISK FACTORS FOR OASIS .................................................................................................. 27 3.10.1 Maternal risk factors ................................................................................................... 27 3.10.2 Fetal risk factors ......................................................................................................... 28 3.10.3 Obstetric risk factors ................................................................................................... 28 3.11 EPISIOTOMY ......................................................................................................................... 28
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